Work control and conflict in formal organizations Essay

Work control and strife in formal associations - Essay Example Utilizing Edwards’ meaning of work markets, Company An is an Independent Primary Market (p.418). Work is steady and employer stability high in light of the fact that there will never be an absence of criminal guilty parties. There are conceivable outcomes of being elevated to a higher position, or moving to one of numerous different situations inside the prison. Explicit physical and instructive necessities must be met and the compensation is serious. In 2004 Company A won a fight to decertify the current Teamsters Union and structure its own Guild trying to protect a superior bartering position with the district. The contentions at Company An are numerous and different. The line officials and managerial staff (the chiefs) have various perspectives on detainee and official wellbeing concerns, work hours and conditions and kinds of activities the officials are allowed to take with respect to prisoner discipline or working techniques. Groups of faculty who function admirably together are being allocated separate posts, and there is not, at this point the sentiment of brotherhood that was the standard a couple of years back. Every day, the workplace at Company An embodies a few of Dalton’s depictions of contention (p. 153). The new organization, in its endeavor to apply control and in a legit exertion to improve effectiveness, holds numerous gatherings to grow new strategies, procedures, and work norms. Regardless of whether to come back to earlier standards or to alienate the executives, line officials every now and again and intentionally make circumstances with the goal that these new t houghts will come up short. The fundamental explanation behind this specialist conduct is that, with not many exemptions, the executives style at Company An inclines toward the Initiating Structure Leadership style (Pool, p. 272) and specialized control (Edwards, p. 415). The outcome is smaller scale the board. Pioneers using the Initiating Structure Leadership style as characterized by Pool compose and characterize the connections of the gathering and direct how the work is to be

The proper role of education is to teach facts, not morals

Absolutely, instructors have a not insignificant rundown of obligations consistently. The most significant one obviously is improving the brains of our kids. A lot of their time is gone through with instructors consistently and they become one of children’s greatest impacts. Of course, their significant duty is to train them perusing, composing and number juggling, they additionally have a commitment to empower the correct ethics too. By and large educators become probably the greatest impact in children’s lives. There are numerous individuals, including acclaimed ones who will say that one of their instructors was their impact to flourish and prevail throughout everyday life. Justifiably, educators are striving to keep up the instructive objectives important to have the kids prevail in life most definitely. In any case, similarly as significant is a child’s moral compass. Some may contend that it’s the parent’s obligation to train them ethics at home, however it’s similarly as significant that the instructor fortify and ingrain new ethics in the study hall. The most significant factor that educators and guardians must consider is that kids will one day become grown-ups and having an incredible arrangement of ethics will extraordinarily affect society. This thought isn't novel; establishments of higher learning have these principals set up for their understudies for a long while Most schools and colleges have sets of accepted rules that understudies must stick to, so as to keep up understudy status there. Additionally, specialists make the Hippocratic vow, to guarantee there are morals that must be kept up so as to be a specialist.

Why Copper Bowls Are Better for Whipping Egg Whites

Why Copper Bowls Are Better for Whipping Egg Whites The bowl you use has any kind of effect when you are whipping egg whites. Copper bowls produce a yellowish, rich froth that is more enthusiastically to overbeat that the froth delivered utilizing glass or hardened steel bowls. At the point when you whisk egg whites in a copper bowl, some copper particles move from the bowl into the egg whites. The copper particles structure a yellow complex with one of the proteins in eggs, conalbumin. The conalbumin-copper complex is more steady than the conalbumin alone, so egg whites whipped in a copper bowl are less inclined to denature (unfurl). How Does Whisking Change the Eggs? At the point when air is sped into egg whites, the mechanical activity denatures the proteins in the whites. The denatured proteins coagulate, solidifying the froth and balancing out the air bubbles. On the off chance that the froth is overbeaten in a non-copper bowl, inevitably the proteins become totally denatured and coagulate into bunches. There is no returning from the clumpy chaos to decent frothy whites, so overbeaten whites are normally disposed of. On the off chance that a copper bowl is utilized, at that point less protein particles are allowed to denature and coagulate, in light of the fact that some are tied up in conalbumin-copper edifices. Notwithstanding shaping edifices with conalbumin, the copper may likewise respond with sulfur-containing bunches on different proteins, further settling the egg proteins. Despite the fact that the iron and zinc found in other metal dishes additionally structure edifices with conalbumin, these buildings dont make the froth progressively steady. At the point when glass or steel bowls are utilized, cream of tartar might be added to egg whites to balance out the whites.

Marketing Pillars - Segmentation free essay sample

While there might be hypothetically perfect market portions, as a general rule each association occupied with a market will create various methods of envisioning market fragments, and make item separation systems to abuse these sections. The market division and comparing item separation technique can give a firm an impermanent business advantage. Rules for Segmenting A perfect market portion meets the entirety of the accompanying standards: * It is conceivable to gauge. It must be sufficiently huge to gain benefit. * It must be steady enough that it doesn't disappear after some time. * It is conceivable to arrive at potential client by means of associations advancement and dissemination channel. * It is inside homogeneous (potential clients in a similar fragment incline toward a similar item characteristics). * It is remotely heterogeneous, that is, potential clients from various fragments have distinctive quality inclinations. * It reacts comparatively to a market upgrade. * It can be reached by advertise mediation in a savvy way. Helpful in settling on advertising blend Market division is a promoting technique that includes separating an expansive objective market into subsets of customers who have regular needs and applications for the pertinent products and ventures. Contingent upon the particular qualities of the item, these subsets might be isolated by standards, for example, age and sex, or different qualifications, similar to area or pay. Advertising efforts would then be able to be structured and actualized to focus on these particular client portions. Reason for sectioning customer markets Geographic division The market is portioned by geographic criteriaâ€nations, states, locales, nations, urban communities, neighborhoods, or postal districts. Geo-bunch approach consolidates segment information with geographic information to make an increasingly precise profile of explicit. As for area, in stormy areas you can sell things like overcoats, umbrellas and gumboots. In blistering locales you can sell summer wear. In cool districts you can sell comfortable garments. Segment Segmentation Segment division comprises of separating the market into bunches dependent on factors, for example, age, sex, family size, salary, occupation, training, religion, race and nationality. As one would expect, segment division factors are among the most well known bases for sectioning client gatherings. This is somewhat in light of the fact that client needs are firmly connected to factors, for example, pay and age. Likewise, for down to earth reasons, there is regularly significantly more information accessible to help with the segment division process. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographics is the study of utilizing brain science and socioeconomics to all the more likely get shoppers. Psychographic division: buyers are separated by their way of life, character, values. Outsiders inside a similar segment gathering can show altogether different psychographic profiles. Positive market division Market fragmenting is separating the market into gatherings of individual markets with comparative needs or needs that an organization partitions into particular gatherings which have unmistakable requirements, needs, conduct or which may need various items administrations. Comprehensively, markets can be partitioned by various general models, for example, by industry or open versus private. Albeit modern market division is very not the same as customer showcase division, both have comparative goals. These techniques for division are simply intermediaries for genuine portions, which dont consistently fit into advantageous segment limits. Customer based market division can be performed on an item explicit premise, to give a nearby match between explicit items and people. Be that as it may, various conventional market section frameworks likewise exist, e. . the framework gives an expansive division of the number of inhabitants in the United States dependent on the factual examination of family and geo-segment information. The procedure of division is unmistakable from situating (structuring a suitable showcasing blend for each portion). The general expectation is to distinguish gatherings of comparable clients and potential clients; to organize the gather ings to address; to comprehend their conduct; and to react with fitting showcasing methodologies that fulfill the various inclinations of each picked portion. Incomes are along these lines improved. Improved division can prompt altogether improved advertising adequacy. Unmistakable fragments can have distinctive industry structures and along these lines have sequential appeal Once a market section has been recognized (through division), and focused (in which the practicality of overhauling the market proposed), the portion is then liable to situating. Situating includes discovering how an item or an organization is seen in the brains of purchasers. This piece of the division procedure comprises of drawing up a perceptual guide, which features rival merchandise inside ones industry as indicated by apparent quality and cost. After the perceptual guide has been conceived, a firm would consider the promoting interchanges blend most appropriate to the item being referred to. Conduct Segmentation In social division, buyers are partitioned into bunches as indicated by their insight into, mentality towards, utilization of or reaction to an item. It is really founded on the conduct of the buyer. Events Segmentation as indicated by events. We section the market as indicated by the events of utilization. For instance, regardless of whether the item will be utilized alone or in a gathering, or whether it is being bought as a present or for individual use. Advantages Segmentations as indicated by benefits looked for by the customer. Utilizing Segmentation in Customer Retention The essential way to deal with maintenance based division is that an organization labels every one of its dynamic clients with 3 qualities: Tag #1: Is this client at high danger of dropping the companys administration? One of the most widely recognized markers of high-hazard clients is a drop off in use of the companys administration. For instance, in the Mastercard business this could be motioned through a clients decrease in spending on their card. Tag #2: Is this client worth holding? This assurance comes down to whether the post-maintenance benefit produced from the client is anticipated to be more prominent than the expense caused to hold the client. Overseeing Customers as Investments. Tag #3: What maintenance strategies ought to be utilized to hold this client? For clients who are regarded â€Å"save-worthy†, it’s basic for the organization to realize which spare strategies are well on the way to be fruitful. Strategies regularly utilized range from giving â€Å"special† client limits to sending clients correspondences that fortify the offer of the given help. Procedure for labeling clients Niche Marketing A specialty is an all the more barely characterized client bunch who look for a particular arrangement of advantages. Recognized by separating a portion into sub-sections, unmistakable and one of a kind arrangement of necessities, requires specialization, and isn't probably going to pull in an excessive number of contenders. Neighborhood Marketing programs custom-made to the requirements of nearby client gatherings. Value separation Where an imposing business model exists, the cost of an item is probably going to be higher than in a serious market and the amount sold less, producing restraining infrastructure benefits for the dealer. These benefits can be expanded further if the market can be fragmented with various costs charged to various sections charging more significant expenses to those portions willing and ready to pay more and charging less to those whose request is value versatile. The value discriminator may need to make rate fences that will forestall individuals from a more significant expense fragment from buying at the costs accessible to individuals from a lower value section. This conduct is sound with respect to the monopolist, however is regularly observed by rivalry specialists as a maltreatment of a syndication position, regardless of whether the imposing business model itself is authorized. Zones in which this value segregation is seen run from transportation to pharmaceuticals. Focusing on: Targetingâ is the second phase of the STPD process. After the market has been isolated into its sections, the advertiser will choose a fragment or arrangement of portions and target it/them. Assets and exertion will be focused at the section. Target Marketing encourages the advertisers to separate the market into little units including similar individuals. Such division encourages the advertisers to plan explicit systems and procedures to advance an item among its objective market. An objective market alludes to a gathering of people who are slanted towards comparative items and react to comparative showcasing methods and limited time plans. For Instance, Kellogg’s K Special for the most part targets people who need to eliminate their calorie consumption. The objective market in such a case would be people who are fat. The procedures intended to advance K Special would not be the equivalent if there should arise an occurrence of some other brand say Complan or Boost which significantly take into account young people and children to help them in their general turn of events. The objective market for Kellogg’s K Special would totally be not the same as Boost or Complan.

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji Essay

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji - Essay Example The delineation of numerous connections in this novel, especially the connection among Genji and Fujitsubo equal a few parts of contemporary mental speculations. The hypothesis of the Oedipus complex advances that guys are innately pulled in to their mom while harboring a feeling of animosity toward their dads. This pressure is tangible in numerous occasions in the novel. A focal inspiration inside the Heian court was for people to introduce a little girl to the Emperor or Heir Apparent so as to achieve a higher level of economic wellbeing. Subsequently it was run of the mill for the Emperor to take part in polygamous conduct. This procedure permitted his notoriety to be all the more promptly stretched out among individuals inside the upper gentry (Tyler, 2001, xiii). Notwithstanding the Empress, the Emperor had various Consorts and Intimates. A various leveled structure was set up with Empress holding the most noteworthy status with the Consorts and Intimates dynamically lower in rank separately. Genji is the hero in Shikibu's epic. As the Emperor's child, Genji was destined to an Intimate that lost her dad and had minimal political influence in the privileged circle (Tyler, 2001, xiii). ... In this manner Genji serves the Imperial domain as a senior government official (Tyler, 2001, xiii). While the novel contains numerous characters, remembering the ladies for Genji's life, the account profits to a concentration for him. One of the principle subjects in this novel is the idea of Genji's private associations and keeping in mind that he is engaged with various connections, there are repetitive topics that overrun the writing. Genji's mom kicked the bucket not long after labor and keeping in mind that he did not have the chance to know her well, he heard that Fujitsubo, his dad's future Empress intently takes after her. Right off the bat in his life, Genji starts to venerate her and later he has a close contact with her from which their child will hence prevail to the position of royalty (Tyler, 2001, xiv). This veneration for the mother figure of Fujitsubo will impact numerous parts of Genji's future connections. While he has relations with Fujitsubo, the nature of their association is both attentive and brief. Genji is baffled at the way that he can't accomplish or have the exemplification of his wants as Fujitsubo is past his compass. Basically, he endeavors to reproduce this exceptional love in a little youngster, Murasaki, who intently looks like her. Propelled by his craving for the mother figure, he by and by grooms Murasaki to fill this job. At the point when she is the fate old enough to wed, they are marry and she turns into the incredible love of his life (Tyler, 2001, xiv). Her demise devastatingly affects him. He gets loaded up with abhor as he can't or won't acknowledge the way that he has endure her (Tyler, 2001, p. 761). His longing to live is to a great extent reduced with the demise of the mother figure. Longing too affectionately for a sundown one fall numerous years prior, I saw the end come finally in a brutal dream at day break (Tyler, 2006,

Dont forget about these helpful blog posts COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Dont forget about these helpful blog posts COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog With the Fall 2016 application just one week  away, I  wanted to remind everyone  of a  few blog posts that will help as you finish your applications of admission to SIPA. For those missing exam scores, What’s with the GRE/GMAT and TOEFL/IELTS? offers some great insight into how to self-report them. (Just keep in mind youll need to also upload a copy of your TOEFL/IELTS score report, which is a new requirement this year for our international applicants.) As for the official test scores: we only need the official records once youre admitted to SIPA. Also keep in mind that all three recommendation letters must be submitted by the application deadline. Its OK if you submit your application before these are received, but follow-up with your recommenders and remind them of the pending due date. PA  Adriana Popa and I  share some great advice in 3 things every recommender should know and 4 Tips for Letters of Recommendation. I  also write about some insights into the MIA/MPA essay questions in ?How NOT to write your personal statement, How to answer the Fall 2016 short essay, and last years 6 Quick-and-Dirty Tips For An Outstanding Admissions Essay. ?If youre stuck on how to format your quantitative and language resume, browse current student Yiting Xus A Quantitative/Language Resume Breakdown, which outlines the process thoroughly. Regarding your missing college transcripts, we only need your unofficial records for admission. You can scan these (back and front, with grading scale) and upload them into your application, or upload a copy of your academic records from your universitys student portal. (Both self-uploaded versions are unofficial records, and are acceptable for admission purposes.) And as an international applicant, this October 2015 blog post, What I wish I knew as an international applicant offers a few first-hand reflections on the application process. If you need more help, review Eloy’s Top 12 Application Questions, which was our No. 1 blog post in 2015. Thanks to our hardworking team, the Admissions Blog is full of helpful hints like these, so I  encourage you to spend some time this weekend exploring the blog further. You can also take a closer look at all of your missing materials on your Status Page. Then, read  this blog post that outlines the nuances with the Status Page, which can be tricky. If you have any additional questions about the application process, please do not hesitate to contact us at sipa_admission@sipa.columbia.edu or 212-854-6216. And dont forget: the Fall 2016 application deadline is February 5, 2016. You may find out more about the admissions timeline here. Good luck on your applications! Finish your applications here. P.S. Confused by todays meme? This should help.

Multiple Sclerosis Opposition, The Claim, Common Ground - 1100 Words

Multiple Sclerosis: The Opposition, The Claim, Common Ground (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseInstructorDateMultiple SclerosisBackground InformationMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that is associated with the inflammation of the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of the most common source of disability for young adults. It is generally considered as a genetic disease that is mediated by T cells that are auto-reactive. MS has been found to have links with the hallmarks of inflammation in the CNS like the T cells, the clonal expansion of B cells, and the antibody products. The plaques in the white matter of the CNS of the patients of MS have been revealed through gross examination of the brain tissue of the patients. It has been discovered that the condition is linked to the optic nerves, periventricular regions, spinal cord and brain stem. The active MS lesions have been found to have significant axonal injury with axonal transections in abundance (Hafler 788). Research has indicated that nearly 15% of the patients with mu ltiple sclerosis develop primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) (Miller and Leary 903). The primary progressive multiple sclerosis is a type of the disease that has the neurological disability gradually increases (Miller and Leary 903).The OppositionAs the disease grows, it begins to have an effect on the CD4 and the CD8 T cells. It also concurrently causes the loss of axons and myelin. MS is known to be highly inheritable. However, the existing research show that only chromosome 6, on the MHC region as a clear association with the condition (Hafler 788).Many therapies have been used in relieving patients of multiple sclerosis. One of the therapies is the use of dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera). This medicine has been used in treating the relapsing multiple sclerosis. However, there have been reports of patients who used the medicine and developed certain undesired conditions, even to the point of death (Aschenbrenner 22). The Food and Drug Administration approved dimethyl fumar ate as a medicine for minimizing or preventing the relapse of MS. However, a case was reported of a patient who developed a rare case of serious brain infection. The infection that the patient developed was the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (Aschenbrenner 22). PML is characterized by the symptoms like one side of the body progressively becoming weak, vision problems, clumsiness, confusion, personality changes, alterations in thinking and orientation (Aschenbrenner 23).The ClaimMany scholars have claimed that the therapies used in treating the disease may lead to other undesired conditions (Aschenbrenner 23). However, new research show that there has been a general improvement in the diagnosis and management of the disease. Through the integration of the magnetic resonance imaging, it has been possible to effectively diagnose the disease and manage it. However, its main cause still remains in a blur. New researches have come up with immunotherapies that have the po tential to stop the relapses. It is also hoped that they can delay progression.New research has also helped in effectively establishing the link between MS and the environmental risk factors. Some of the environmental risk factors include smoking, vitamin D deficiency and prior exposure to Epstein Barr virus (EBV). These factors are believed to assist the development of MS by affecting the immune system (Wakerley, Nicholas and Malik 523). Smoking has been confirmed as a risk factor for MS. Researches that have been done indicated that those who have smoked, in comparison to those who have not, using controls, discovered that the people who had smoked were 1.3 times more likely to develop MS (Wakerley, Nicholas and Malik 523). It is suggested by researchers that smoking is able to increase the nitric oxide in the central nervous system lesions. Other environmental factors that have been identified include the geographical location, migration patterns ( Ebers 270). Ebers (273) explain s that vitamin D deficiency results from factors such as sunlight, latitude and photobiology. Through outdoor activities and healthy lifestyle factors, the problem with vitamin D deficiency can be effectively minimized.Common GroundDespite the disparities in the views and research findings on multiple sclerosis, it is clear that there are some factors that have been common in terms of MS. For instance, it is commonly agreed that multiple sclerosis causes the inflammation of the CNS white matter. All researchers on the matter have also agreed that the condition is facilitated by automotive processes. Even though a few researchers have not come to terms with the intervention measures, immunosuppressive and immunodulatory therapies have been supported by most researchers as the most effective means of handling the disease. The use of these therapies have also contributed greatly to the confirmation of the hypothesis that autoimmunity has a significant role in the pathology of the disea se. T cells and the B cell antibodies have been extensively considered with regard to their relationship with the disease. It is commonly agreed by researchers that the condition has not been extensively considered and there is need for a new direction of the research on the disease. This is especially relevant to the fact that there is still currently no specific causative agent of the disease. In order to further understand the disease and its therapies, future research need to be redesigned and redirected.The environmental factors need to be effectively controlled and minimized in order to reduce the susceptibility to this disease. Certain groups of people who are more prone to the disease should be discouraged from smoking. Children should also be exposed to enough sunlight as they grow to avoid the cases of vitamin D deficiency ( Ebers 268).ConclusionThe existing research on multiple sclerosis have diverse ideas about the effectiveness of the therapies that are currently being used in addressing the disease. Some researchers state that the methods that have been used have harmful side effects while others quote some of the best methods that can be used effectively. However, the common ground is that multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects especially the young adults and is widely affected by environmental factors. Scientists agree that effectively controlling these environmental factors can reduce susceptibility.Works CitedAschenbrenner, Diane S. "a Rare Brain Infection with Multiple Sclerosis Drug."ÂThe American Journal of Nursing, sec. 115: 22. 2015. Web.Ebers, GC. "Environmental Factors and Multiple Sclerosis."Lancet NeurolÂ7.3 (2008): 268-77. Web.Hafler, David A....

Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay - 3434 Words

Racism in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a social commentary on imperialism, but the characters and symbols in the book have a meaning for both the psychological and cultural aspects of Marlow’s journey. Within the framework of Marlow’s psychedelic experience is an exploration of the views the European man holds of the African man. These views express the conflict between the civilized and the savage, the modern and the primordial, the individual and the collective, the moral and the amoral, that is part of the general psychedelic experience. Marlow, as a modern European man, cannot escape the arrogance of the civilized, cannot accept the jungle as an equally important part of a whole reality, but he gains some kind†¦show more content†¦No; you want a deliberate belief.’†* The inherent strength of civilized people is in our ability to trust to faith, to believe so much in something that it will preserve our sense of self even when it is threatened by total absence of , even the opposite conditions of, all that formed to make it. The Africans fascinate Marlow, lure that part of him that wants to escape from the surface-realities created by sociality. Is it a deliberate belief that saves him from asserting his attraction, or an accident of situation? â€Å"‘You wonder I didn’t go ashore for a howl and a dance? Well, no—I didn’t. Fine sentiments, you say? Fine sentiments be hanged! I had no time. I had to mess about with white-lead and strips of woollen blanket helping to put bandages on those leaky steam-pipes, I tell you. ...There was surface-truth enough in these things to save a wiser man.’†* The technological realities of civilized man happened to allow him to focus his thoughts on work. This reconciles with the notion of a ‘deliberate belief’ because Marlow unshakeably believes that work contains truth (and he can assert this truth against the truth of the Africans) and is not another syst em of surface-reality. Marlow sees his journey as a demonstration of the failure of surface-realities to restrain man from gratifying his instinctual lusts; their failure in even remaining surface-truths but degenerating in the minds of man to delusions that undermineShow MoreRelated Prejudice and Racism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness1361 Words   |  6 PagesRacism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   The effects of British colonialism are reflected in literature from both early modernism and post colonialism. Racial discrimination tainted both eras portrayed in the British morale of white supremacy over non-European counties unfolded. Heart of Darkness exemplifies early modernism in the British explorers viewed African natives of the Congo as incapable of human equality due to perceived uncivilized savagery. Personal interactionRead More Prejudice and Racism - No Racism in Heart of Darkness Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesNo Racism in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   Chinua Achebe challenges Joseph Conrads novella depicting the looting of Africa, Heart of Darkness (1902) in his essay An Image of Africa (1975). Achebes is an indignant yet solidly rooted argument that brings the perspective of a celebrated African writer who chips away at the almost universal acceptance of the work as classic, and proclaims that Conrad had written a bloody racist book (Achebe 319). In her introduction in the Signet 1997 editionRead MoreEssay Prejudice, Racism and Power in Heart of Darkness977 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Power in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   In Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness, the socially constructed differences of African and European cultures are effective in representing the power sites of the time. The alleged `superiority of the European culture can be recognized by comparing their ideologies to those of the primitive, `inferior `savages. Conrads personal experiences in the Belgian Congo, in the 1890s, influenced the compilation of Heart of Darkness, reflecting theRead More Prejudice and Racism in Heart of Darkness? Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness: Racist or not?    Many critics, including Chinua Achebe in his essay An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, have made the claim that Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness, despite the insights which it offers into the human condition, ought to be removed from the canon of Western literature. This claim is based on the supposition that the novel is racist, more so than other novels of its time. While it can be read in this way, it is possible to lookRead More Prejudice and Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness  Ã‚   Imagine floating up the dark waters of the Congo River in the Heart of Africa. The calmness of the water and the dense fog make the hairs stand up on the back of your neck as you wonder if the steamboats crew will eat you as you sleep. These things occur in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Although the book is undeniably racist, was the author, Joseph Conrad, racist? Conrad was racist because he uses racial slurs, the slavery and unfair treatment ofRead More Prejudice in Heart of Darkness: Racism is a Relative Term Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesHeart of Darkness: Racism is a Relative Term Racism is a relative term. While many people argue that Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, contains the theme of racism, they tend to ignore the fact that this novel was written around the turn of the century. During this time period it was accepted practice to think of a black man as savage because that was how the popular culture viewed the African American race. If someone called a black man savage today, that someone would be considered a racistRead MoreRacism And Sexism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1108 Words   |  5 Pagesundertaking VCE. From the time Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was published in 1899 the novel has been held under considerable scrutiny as many interpretations have been developed over the novels true intent as well as the overall message portrayed within. Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"An Image of Africa† is a well-known criticism on Heart of Darkness that focuses on a Post-Colonial perspective to describe the nature of the novel. Jeremy Hawth orn’s â€Å"The Women of Heart of Darkness† is another well-known criticismRead MoreHeart of Darkness971 Words   |  4 Pagesin Heart of Darkness, or does Achebe merely see Conrad from the point of view of an African? 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Whether they are about racism, wealth, orRead MoreHeart of Darkness/Apocalypse Now808 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad and â€Å"Apocalypse Now†, a movie directed by Francis Coppola represent two outstanding examples that compare relevant ideas regarding racism, colonialism, and prejudices. The two combine film along with descriptive language to portray their mastery during different eras. For Heart of Darkness, Conrad uses his writing techniques to illustrate Marlow in the Congo, while in â€Å"Apocalypse Now†, Coppola uses film editing and c lose ups on important scenes with unique

The Dark Web Is Not Accessible Without Special Browsers

The dark web, a hidden part of the internet, is unknown to most people. It has been used for many years without many people knowing. People use the dark web for many purposes, but it is mostly used for privacy. Due to the anonymity that it gives one, numerous people get involved in illegal situations. Websites range from chat rooms to drug markets. A person can view illegal government documents, buy heroin, or even watch people get murdered! Sounds like a perfect place for every person right? The dark web should only be used by the government, obviously not by the average person. Key words: dark web, internet, anonymous The Dark Web A multitude of people has never heard of one of the most dangerous places in the world, and it is not†¦show more content†¦The dark web is like a disease; one can get it without even trying to. This means that if a person is on the dark web, he or she could get in a terrible situation without even trying. The dark web should not be accessed by the average person, only by the government. Easily Accessible First, any person can access the dark web; it is not rocket science. But why do people want to go on the dark web? People go on the dark web primarily for two reasons: to perform illegal activities without getting caught, and privacy use. As of 2014, every person on the internet is being tracked in some way. The government uses information such as cookies, search engines, and download managers to track what people are doing (Henderson, 2012). Although it is unusual to be getting tracked, as long as a person is properly using the dark web, he or she should have no issues. With the unlikelihood of a person being tracked, one may dig deeper into the dark web due to curiosity. Just being allowed to access the dark web puts people in danger of being part of illegal activities. A search engine called Tor is the key to accessing in the dark web. Tor is a site that masks peoples’ IP address. An IP address is like a phone number; each person has their own unique number which shows websites where they are from. Tor is the equivalent of an anonymous Google. What Tor does is make it so websites have no way of telling where their clients are from. Tor is so popular that is it

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Prestige

In sociolinguistics, linguistic prestige is the degree of esteem and social value attached by members of a speech community to certain languages, dialects, or features of a language variety. Social and linguistic prestige is interrelated, notes Michael Pearce. The language of powerful social groups usually carries linguistic prestige; and social prestige is often granted to speakers of prestige languages and varieties (Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies, 2007). Linguists draw important distinctions between overt prestige and covert prestige: In the case of overt prestige, the social valuation lies in a unified, widely accepted set of social norms, whereas with covert prestige the positive social significance lies in the local culture of social relations. It is, therefore, possible for a socially stigmatized variant in one setting to have covert prestige in another (Walt Wolfram, Social Varieties of American English, 2004). Examples and Observations: Linguistic prestige is directly associated with power. As [Thomas Paul] Bonfiglio (2002:23) puts it, There is nothing in the particular language itself that determines its worth: it is the connection of the language in question to the phenomena of power that determines the value of that language and that contributes to the standardization process.(Gerard Van Herk, What Is Sociolinguistics? Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Old English certainly had words for language and female and face, and we could perfectly well have carried on using them [after the Norman invasion], but the much greater prestige of French induced many English-speakers to introduce French words into their speech in the hope of sounding more elegant. This attitude is always with us: French no longer enjoys quite the prestige it once had, but you may perhaps know someone who cannot resist spattering his English speech or writing with such French words and phrases as au contraire, joie de vivre, au naturel, fin de sià ¨cle and derrià ¨re. (R.L. Trask, Language: The Basics, 2nd ed. Routledge, 1999) Prestige in Grammar In grammar, most prestige forms are related to prescriptive norms of standardness or even literary norms. For example, the use of whom in Whom did you see? or the placement of never at the front of the sentence Never have I seen a more gruesome sight might be considered prestige variants in some social contexts. Apart from these somewhat special cases, it is difficult to find clear-cut cases of prestige variants on the grammatical level of language, particularly in the grammar of ordinary informal conversation...For present-day American English, it is clear that the vast majority of socially diagnostic structures exist on the axis of stigmatization rather than the axis of prestige.(Walt Wolfram, Social Varieties of American English. Language in the USA: Themes for the Twenty-First Century, ed. by Edward Finegan and John R. Rickford. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Overt and Covert Prestige A standard dialect speaker of English who intentionally switches to use of social markers such as aint and he dont is said to seek covert prestige. Such prestige is covert because its elicitation will often not, if successful, be consciously noted.Deliberate (as opposed to instinctive) use of taboo words such as fuck and shit, usage which tends to characterize male more than female speech, may also seek covert prestige, but the strength of these as social markers makes this more difficult to achieve. In a contrasting register, one uses unusually formal non-vernacular forms in vernacular contexts. For example, one will ordinarily say Its me to the question Who is it? asked by a familiar interlocutor, but, when asked the same question by one from whom one seeks prestige, the same speaker may say It is I. Similarly, except after prepositions Americans ordinarily say who in preference to whom: Who did you ask?, not Whom did you ask?  but in some circumstances, the latter may be substituted. Such usage is said to seek overt prestige because the often dubious prestige one gets from such usage is ordinarily consciously noted, hence overt. One may use jargon similarly seeking overt prestige, saying, for example, semantics when nothing more than ordinary meaning is intended.(Grover Hudson, Essential Introductory Linguistics. Blackwell, 2000) Labov on Prestige and Gender [American linguist William Labov developed] three principles regarding the linguistic behavior of men and women: 1. For stable sociolinguistic variants, women show a slower rate of stigmatized variants and a higher rate of prestige variants than men (Labov 2001: 266)2. In linguistic change from above, women adopt prestige forms at a higher rate than men (Labov 2001: 274)3. In linguistic change from below, women use higher frequencies of innovative forms than men do (Labov 2001: 292) Ultimately, Labov formulates the corresponding Gender Paradox: Women conform more closely than men to sociolinguistic norms that are overtly prescribed, but conform less than men when they are not.(Labov 2001: 293) All these principles and the Gender Paradox itself appear to be fairly robust findings with almost universal applicability in contemporary sociolinguistics...[E]very language period and every language community must be investigated independently and in its own right (pace Jardin 2000). The actual concepts and functions of class, gender, networks, and, most importantly, norms, standards, and prestige, differ radically in different communities.(Alexander Bergs, The Uniformitarian Principle and the Risk of Anachronisms in Language and Social History. The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics, ed. by Juan M. Hernà ¡ndez-Campoy and Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Prestige, Status, and Function What do we mean by status and function? The two terms are often confused with one another and also with another term, prestige. Basically, the essential difference between prestige, function, and status is the difference between past, present, and future. The prestige of a language depends on its record, or what people think its record to have been. The function of a language is what people actually do with it. The status of a language depends on what people can do with it, its potential. Status, therefore, is the sum total of what you can do with a language--legally, culturally, economically, politically and, of course, demographically. This is not necessarily the same as what you do with the language, although the two notions are obviously related, and indeed interdependent. They can also be connected with the prestige of a language. Let us illustrate the differences. Classical Latin has had a lot of prestige but it has few functions. Swahili has a lot of functions, but little pres tige. Irish Gaelic has status, official status, but few exclusive functions.(William F. Mackey, Determining the Status and Function of Languages in Multinational Societies. Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties, ed. by Ulrich Ammo. Walter de Gruyter, 1989)

Gender Roles Of The American Film And Television Industry

Gender Slaves The America film and television industry’s excessive use of stereotypical gender roles has negatively influenced society. Stereotypical gender roles are based on standards expected of males and females. Men are considered to be financial providers, career motivated and aggressive. Whereas women have been represented as low position workers, loving wives and mothers. Despite television programs and films that attempt to promote positive concepts about gender, male superiority over women is still a reoccurring theme. Television programs and films are continuing to reinforce the image of female inferiority. The oppressive representation of women directly influences sexism ideologies. In â€Å"Putting the Me Back in Medical Drama: Grey’s Anatomy’s adventures in Mcfeminism,† Lara Hayhurst explains that males are placed at a higher pedestal than women regardless if the woman and man share the same position of power. While Lara Hayhurst argues that males are p laced in a higher pedestal, James Cameron’s award winning film Avatar encourages male dominance and sexism. The female characters are placed in a high position of status such as a scientist and a helicopter pilot. Although the film attempts to diverge from common gender stereotypes, the dominant male sex has more authority in the film. This essay discusses the issues of why women in the mass media continue to display as inferior to the man even when placed in a position of status. In addition, American isShow MoreRelatedThe White-Washed Screen: Misrepresentation Of Minorities817 Words   |  4 PagesMisrepresentation of Minorities in American Media Television and film is a huge part of American culture. As the â€Å"face† of America changes, it is expected for our media to reflect it. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Since the beginning of film, minorities have been misrepresented and underrepresented. 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The Crucible Research Paper Free Essays

John Doe The Crucible Research Paper Around the same, beginning in the 1940’s, both McCarthyism and the imprisoning of the Japanese after Pearl Harbor were taking place. Senator Joseph McCarthy went house to house searching and questioning people he believed were communist. If you were accused of being communist you were put on a list called the â€Å"red-list†, which meant that your passport was taken away, your job was at stake or you were sent to jail. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Immediately after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the President declared that everyone of Japanese decent could be a possible threat to the American people. The Japanese families all over the nation were sent to internment camps, much like those of the Holocaust. The fortunate ones were told to pack one suitcase and leave their homes and move to their new location, given by the government of course. McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment Camps have several similarities and a few differences. To begin, in both cases, the subject at hand was blown out of proportion with inadequate evidence against both the so-called communists and the supposed Japanese spies. â€Å"McCarthy’s relentless pursuit of communist ‘subversives‘ took the witch-hunt to new heights. After the cold war, the threat of communism intensified. Several people, including celebrities, were red-listed. There was absolutely no proof that these people were even communist. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt was convinced that there were Japanese spies here in America. Again, with no factual evidence that these people of Japanese decent were spying for Japan, they were all taken from their homes and places in internment camps or moved to a different location with no explanation. The US justified their action by claiming that there was a danger of those of Japanese descent spying for the Japanese. † To wrap up, during McCarthyism and the Japanese Interment Camps, both were prisoned unfairly without evidence or trial. Secondly, the two topics at hand differed because with the Japanese, the only people that were moved and or imprisoned were those of Japanese decent, but with the red scare, anyone could possibly be accused. During the time the Japanese were being sent to the internment camps, under the order of President Roosevelt, everyone knew what was going on and exactly who the accused were. On the contrary, while McCarthy was persistently hunting for those who could possible be communists with the thought of overthrowing our Republic, none of the common people knew who or when the next ‘communist’ would be red-listed, or maybe jailed. Mad chaos went through the county in both cases. To conclude, both McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment camps compared and contrasted in a few ways. In both time periods, people were jailed without any proof that they were guilty, chaos was insane due to the random imprisonment of loved ones and friends. However the two contrasted because during McCarthyism several people of many different ethnic backgrounds were red-listed and when the Japanese were being sent to internment camps or relocated, specifically the Japanese were targeted. Works Cited â€Å"History Study Center – Home Page. † History Study Center – Home Page. N. p. , 2002. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Internment History. † PBS. PBS, n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. Miller, Arthur. â€Å"McCarthyism. † PBS. PBS, 23 Aug. 2006. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. â€Å"World War Two – Japanese Internment Camps in the USA. † World War Two. N. p. , 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. How to cite The Crucible Research Paper, Essays

Child Parent free essay sample

Child Parent by A. V., Old Orchard Beach, ME Ive become a 17-year-old mother of two boys. I didnt give birth to them or supply them with names yet now theyre mine, and I have no choice whether I want them or not. I worry when they cram their mouths with junk food. I gripe at them when they watch tasteless shows like Ricki Lake. I complain when they wrestle in the living room, pretending that theyre ninja warriors. Ive become overly protective of my brothers, half in love, half in obligation. Being the oldest, Ive been thrust into the spot of authority figure with a teenage attitude. Ive lost my interest in causing trouble and experimenting with my own freedom. Im the scowling older sister who yells and interferes when she has no such right. I cant raise children. I dont want that parental responsibility. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Parent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I watch my actions, maintain maturity and stifle my urge to go crazy, hoping that my examples will be noticed. Jordan sees me as a bossy jerk. Joey sees me as entertainment when I tickle him in his armpits and spider walk him across the kitchen, but he cant understand why I scowl at him when hes watching Power Rangers at 6 a.m. He doesnt know that I only want to keep his fragile brain from being scattered and distorted. Im choking my brothers with an urgency to save them from being hurt. It is quite evident that I am not happy with their obnoxious actions, but in caring for them, I am anxious and nervous. Parenting is too intense for me. Saturday night arrives. Jordan is at the dance, Joey is in bed, Mom, reading in her room with the music up loud, tells me to go out and do something for awhile. I know where they are and feel no need to worry. I let myself break away, going out to a friends house for a little excitement. Its 1: 30 and the party is breaking down. Everyone is slowly letting themselves slip into the dead unconsciousness following a rowdy night of brain-cell killing. Im sitting there, ice-cold sober, wondering how theyre all feeling, thinking What am I doing here? I laugh at their silliness, slurred mumbling, and woozy cavorting. Now theyre filled with unnatural substances, falling asleep like logs on the carpet. They had fun. I cant let go of my obligation. I like to come home and look Mom in the eye, knowing that she has nothing to hang over my head. My friends cant gossip about my embarrassing displays at last weeks party because there werent any. Im too responsible. Im so moral that Im probably abnormal. I know that there is nothing wrong with this seemingly unprecedented behavior, but balance, damnit! I feel like a moron, purposely scheduling screw-off time. Doesnt that happen naturally? This sudden change from teenager to adult has put me in turmoil. With Dad gone, the man of the house is missing. The father figure, husband, and security is gone. Now Mom and I share the household responsibility, but at different levels. She has been where Ive been. Ive never been in her place to see lifes unfolding trials. I want to be a child. I want to experience these years with curiosity and hope. Im too young to be a mom. Im too old to be innocent. I cant close my eyes to what lies ahead. I have emotionally adapted to lifes changes and I feel that I am stable enough to meet those tough challenges in these metamorphic years. I will not be shocked and disorientated when life throws me a curve ball. I feel that I am ready to overcome the harshness of growing up. The child parent within me is ready.

The Art of War Essay Sample free essay sample

The rule outlined in theArt of Waris a powerful tool in direction. although it was intended for soldierly humanistic disciplines. Harmonizing to Cleary ( 1988 ) . Japan greatly benefited from this book in which said: â€Å"In Japan. which was transformed straight from a feudal civilization into a corporate civilization virtually nightlong. †¦ have applied the scheme of this ancient classic to modern political relations and concern with similar briskness. Indeed. some see in the successes of post-war Japan an illustration of Sun Tzu’s pronouncement of the authoritative. ‘To win without contending is best’ . † ( Cleary. 1988 ) . This is to demo that although the Sun Tzu’s book is ancient. it holds cosmopolitan truth that it is still applicable today ; that the pronouncements are â€Å"source of the penetrations into human nature† ( Cleary. 1988 ) . Japan’s success did non come from its armed forces as their leaders thought that started a war but on the â€Å"invincibility. triumph without conflict. We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of War Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and impregnable strength through apprehension of the natural philosophies. political relations. and psychological science of conflict† ( Cleary. 1988 ) . The chief thought of its pertinence to modern direction is that to win and get the better of direction jobs. it is non to utilize beastly force or forward resistance but: â€Å"a maestro warrior is similarly the 1 who knows the psychological science and mechanics of struggle so closely that every move of an opposition is seen through at one time. and one who is able to move in precise agreement with state of affairss. siting on their natural forms with a lower limit of attempt. † ( Cleary. 1988 ) . If one should utilize it in modern scene. it is to state that one should clearly see and expect the struggle or job before it happens. Therefore in the pronouncements â€Å"The leader program in the beginning when they do things† and â€Å"Leaders consider jobs and prevent them† are clear statements that in direction one should expect and see all side before puting out for a â€Å"fight† or enterprise ( Cleary. 1988 ) . TheArt of Waris like a modern direction text edition divided into Strategy rules. Making the Battle. Planing a Siege. and Leadership. These can be translated to modern concern direction as Planing a Business venture. Implementing a Business Venture. Defeating Competition and Good Management Leadership. Plants Cited Sun Tzu.The Art of War. Trans. Thomas Cleary. Boston. Massachusetts: Shambala Publications. 1988.

I Gave it My All free essay sample

I was used to sitting on the sidelines. I always watched my 18-month older brother, Myles, smack the red stitched ball through the outfield. I was known as Myles’ little sister. I handed out the water, picked up the bats and gave cookies to the boys after every game. But this time, it was different. â€Å"We need you Makaela,† my dad said trying to persuade me. My dad, being the coach of my brother’s team, insisted that I fill in that last position. â€Å"There are not enough players and without you we can’t play.† Doubt flushed through me, but I couldn’t show my panic, so I hesitantly accepted this offer. As I did I felt the slightest bit of confidence. Every day after school I would practice with my dad and brother. They would push me. I knew I was the team’s only option, and I knew I had to prove myself. We will write a custom essay sample on I Gave it My All or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I wanted to be more than just Myles’ little sister. My dad handed me an extra uniform. Although it was flowing well past my knees, I felt as if I was meant to be on this team. The older boys gave me a high five and threw some sun flower seeds in my hand. With my blue Nike sandals strapped to my feet, I fled to outfield. No action. But I was ready; every time a pitch was thrown I jumped to my toes as if it were coming straight at me. My brother told me not many hits went to that side of the outfield, but I did not want to take any chances. I was last on the batting line-up. I knew I could hit a moving pitch. I have practiced in the back yard many times prior. No action. I walked to first base. The game proceeded. I kept my eye on the ball where every it went. The game was coming to an end, and we were down by two runs. I was standing on first base, looking at my teammate on third. There was one out, and my brother was up to bat. As the pitch was thrown, I only stared at my brother. He took all his energy and threw it into one swing. Center field it flew, and all eyes were on the ball. The outfielder, with a trying lunge, missed it. My brother flew to first base, and my teammate on third was almost home. I took off. My dad always coached me to not watch the ball, but to run as hard as I could. So I did. Turning second, with my blue sandles leaving a beaded imprint in the sand. I fled to third. I looked up for my dad to tell me what to do. Everyone was cheering. I could hear my mom’s worrying voice hoping that I wouldn’t get hurt. The opposing team was screaming with anger. Then my dad pointed and yelled â€Å"Go home, go home, slide into home!† Then my brother continued,† Go Makaela! You’ve got it!† I rounded third, and could see the home plate. I knew I was safe, until I saw the ball. I slid, just like my dad said. My legs felt like they were rubbing on sand paper and dust flew into the air. Cheers were still flooding, as the umpire called out. With bloody knees, sand in my hair and a broken spirit, I slowly stood up and walked to the bench. My brother walked over to me and said, â€Å"Go get the cookies† with a smirk on his face. At that point I realized it didn’t matter that I lost the game, I gave it my all.

Essay Genre essays

Essay Genre essays A documentary by definition is according to the Academy Rule 12 of the rules for the Academy Award: a non-fictional movie. Documentaries are films made for the sole purpose of persuasion, designed chiefly to get the viewer to see the makers point of view or the point of view they are presenting. Documentaries often have a narrator who helps the story or is the driving force for the whole film, but this is not always so. Documentaries can occupy one or more of four broad categories, these are, Journalistic which involves information and analysis. Social Comment, documentaries which reveal problems within society. Educational, which concern themselves with entertainment but main objective is to teach. And finally Magazine which according to Film Study Collection: Genres is a variety of short documentaries and newsreel essays included in a single program with a studio host. The two documentaries being concentrated on in this essay are both social comment. Bowling for Columbine is a fast paced, in your face documentary that uses very fast and often questionable editing to provide a visual bombardment of images to get its point across. Critically acclaimed director Michael Moore shocks the viewer into his point of view. He uses mini-interviews with people associated with the topic of gun violence, and school shootings, to give the viewer a persuasive taste of what Michael Moore is presenting. The documentary provides a virtual smorgasbord of short news clips, interviews, cartoons, and background music all narrated by Michael Moore. The movie makes strong use of juxtaposition as is evident in a scene where the viewer is shocked with scenes of violence, death and killing all set to the Louis Armstrong song Its a Wonderful World. Michael Moore makes strong use of hyperbole, and hard to follow conclusions to exploit and expose the many problems of the United States of America, a society that the documen ...

Financial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial - Essay Example Businesses should therefore choose the most suitable accounting method. This paper prescribes the accrual basis of accounting over the cash basis. There are several plus of using the accrual accounting method over the cash method. While the accrual method recognizes income and expenses in the immediate period, the cash basis recognizes income and expenses in relation to real-time cash flow. In fact, in the case of cash accounting, income is recorded when funds are received while expenses are recorded when paid rather than as they actually occur. The major advantage of accrual accounting over cash accounting is that it lays a great weight on the period in which expenses and incomes apply, whether money has changed hand or not (McQuaig et al). In this regard, the accrual system records the period in which money is earned instead of when payment is made as in the case of cash basis of accounting. That is, while payment may be made long after a job is completed, the accrual basis of accounting would recognize the period in which the work was done. The accrual method thus offers a clearer and more accurate picture on the long-term performance of a business compared to the cash basis (Palmer et al., 1999). The accrual method is also suggested for businesses that deal with inventory, be they small retailers to big

Compare and contrast between the structure of Thailand's Government Research Paper

Compare and contrast between the structure of Thailand's Government and US's - Research Paper Example â€Å"Thailand is governed by a system of centralization†, (Royal Thai Consulate, 2002) and they hold their Constitution as the highest law of the land. The Thai Government is broken down into three main components, which are legislative, Judicial and Executive powers. The Legislative power is devoted to the Parliament, and it works through a divided National Assembly that consists of their House of Representatives and the Senate. The people of Thailand elect the National Assembly. The Parliament has to approve all of the legislation that the House of Representatives and the Senate wants to pass. If they get Parliamentary approval, then the Parliament takes it to the King who has to sign it before it can become law (Chaninat & Leeds, 2011). Thailand’s Judicial Power works through the Court of Law with three different levels, which are: the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court. The Court of First Instance deals with juvenile and family issu es, but they have the authority to try criminal cases as well which are in the general courts, which are: Civil, Criminal, Provincial and Kwaeng Courts. Civil Courts are for property issues; Criminal Courts are for people that have been arrested for a crime they may have committed; Provincial Courts are for all general civil and criminal problems that happen in their own province, and; Kwaeng Courts are for special criminal cases. The Court of Appeal handles all of the appeals cases that come before them against a judgment that has already been made in the Civil and Criminal Courts. The Supreme Court is the last court of appeal for all of the law cases in the entire Kingdom (The Judiciary of Thailand, 2011). Finally, Thailand’s Executive power works through the Cabinet, which the Prime Minister controls. The Prime Minister has a Council of Ministers, which control 15 different ministries. Those ministries are: Office of the Prime Minister Ministry of Finance Ministry of Forei gn Affairs Ministry of Defense Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives Ministry of Education Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Public Health Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Ministry of University Affairs Ministry of Justice Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare Ministry of Industry Ministry of the Interior This entire system is kept in the middle of Thailand, but it is divided into different regional and provincial governments. Bangkok has its own administrative people and elects its own governor. The other provinces of Thailand have their governors appointed for them (The Judiciary of Thailand, 2011). The United States of America is a democratic type of government, currently headed by President Barack Obama, who has the highest political power of the people of the United States. They have one Constitution, and The President has a second in command to him, which is the Vice President of the United States. There are three branc hes of the U.S. government, which carry out their own functions and have their own powers. The three branches are Legislative, Judicial and Executive. The Legislative branch of the U.S. government is the part of the law that makes up the Senate, the House of Representatives and other people that support the Congress. If the Senate and the Congress want a bill passed, they have to have it signed by the President once they have approved

Problems Faced By Easyjet

Problems Faced By Easyjet A comment on problems being faced by EasyJet and evaluation of strategies adopted by EasyJet Introduction EasyJet, a British airline company which has been fund in 1995 by Stelios Haji-Ioannou with 2 Boeing airplanes and 2 routs, has now expand to European market with 189 airplanes and more then 400 routes (Suit 101, 2009). Nowadays, EasyJet along with its well known low cost strategy is consisting on capturing larger market share. However, there has generated two main conflicts inside the firm. First, Stelios as the biggest shareholder against managers future growth plan of purchasing more aircrafts. Second, Stelios insist that shareholder of EasyJet should be paid by dividend. In order to examine the current issues of EasyJet, this report will analysis issues relate to EasyJet in aspect of economics and finance. In the economics section, this report will first discuss business objectives of EasyJet while focus on growth as its main objective. After that, the report will look into the separation theory of ownership and control issues and apply it into the discussion of current problems exist between shareholders and managers. Thirdly, this report will describe the market structure of British airline industry and discuss whether the low cost strategy could fit the market. In the finance section, this report will first examine the reflection of strategy adopted by EasyJet on the accounts using ratio analysis and trend inspecting. Then it will move on to a comparison among EasyJet, Jet2 and Ryanair, and explore the investment risk of EasyJet. Finally, this report will make a conclusion as well as recommendations that may probably solve the problems exist in Ea syJet. Part A. Economics A.1 Business Objectives According to Neild and Carysforth (2004, p.47), Business objectives are targets which must be achieved for an aim to be met. Strategies or plans adopted by firms are often based on targets such as profit, sales and growth. A.1.1 Growth Growth as the major objective of EasyJet, it is relatively easy to achieve during recession as well as recovery period. Growth of a company is regarded as expand size and enlarge sales. It is based on the scarification of short-term profit in favor of long-term profit. For example, EasyJet use retained earnings to push fleet growth. As a result, shareholders are not satisfied without dividends. In order to balance interests of both sides, managers have to increase the short profit through enlarge sales. Moreover, as managers are controllers of the company, they are free to choose growth as objective to fulfill their interests such as bonuses and share options based on acquiring a large volume of business (Stokes, 2010, p.477). A.1.1.1 Growth Strategy EasyJet adopts several strategies such as advertising and diversification to stimulate growth and enlarge market. Based on EasyJets dramatic investment programmes such as increase fleet size, EasyJet experienced a high rate growth of revenue even during the recession periods from  £264 million to  £2667 million. It increased nearly 10 times respectively and from 2000 to 2009 (EasyJet, 2009). However, certain growth strategies may result in rising expenditure and reducing price. Increase promotional expenditure While EasyJet already has a total number of 189 airbus A320 and Boeing 737 aircraft in 2010, it is respected to acquire another 59 planes in the next 4 years in favor of adapting increasing number of passengers and various destinations (Flightglobal, 2010). However, in order to get good revenue performance,  £86 million is spent on fuel costs in 2009 which partly lead to a reduction in profit margin (EasyJet, 2009). Decrease price In order to share larger market and promote growth, EasyJet carries out a strategy to make their travel fees as well as cost base lower than other established carriers. Since 1999, EasyJet has been voted as the Best Low Cost Airline by Business traveler Magazine and recognized as the first European carrier that won the award for Best Low Cost Carrier at OAG Airline Industry Awards in 2008 (EasyJet). A.1.2 Other Business Objectives Sales Revenue Maximising Sales revenue maximizing is achieved by increasing products and reducing price. Higher sales could efficiently help to expand and compete for the market. In addition, aim to maximize sale revenue could also benefit managers by enhancing their credibility as well as wages (Jain Khanna, 2009, p.22). EasyJet purchase more airplanes, provide various domestic and international flights and adopts low cost strategy to attract more passengers. According to EasyJet (2009), total revenue per seat has increased 10.9% with total revenue increased 12% from 2008 to 2009. Profit Maximizing Profit is considered as the strongest motivation of the company. Maximizing profit sometimes means maximizing the value of shareholders wealth when net cash flows back to the company in the long run. However, fixed cost may increase in a short term to promote output (Dransfield, 2004, p. 215). In future development, the objective that EasyJet might follow is profit maximizing. Nowadays profit margins are spend on aircraft purchase to meet the needs of passenger and capture larger market share, these will return to positive cash generation beyond the period of higher than normal capital expenditure (EasyJet, 2009). Managerial Utility Maximizing It is known that managerial utility could maximize when there is a higher level of output. The case indicates that EasyJet has ordered more airplanes to serve more passengers and explore new market. By increasing sales and profit, managers could provide enough money to make shareholders happy. Meanwhile, extra money could be used to promote salary, bonuses and many other perks as well as develop discretionary projects (Stoke, 2010, p.470). A.2 Ownership and Control Issues A.2.1 Ownership of EasyJet EasyJet is owned by shareholders who invest money for future dividends and for the potential increased value of their shares. Shareholders have been seen as the monitor of the operation and management of a company. Due to their interests on investment returns, they may indirectly influence company to increase share value or maximize profit (Turner, n.d.). On the other hand, shareholders could sale their stocks to express their dissatisfaction on the operation of the company. However, this conduct may lead to a reduction on share price and increase the risk of take-over bid by raider (Stokes, 2010, p. 478). Stelios Hajiloannous owns 38% stocks of the company, followed by Standard Life, who is the second large shareholder, owns 9.45% stocks (London Night Standard, 2010). Due to the family of Sir Stelios is the biggest shareholder, he could possible exercise an effective influence on the company, and directs the decisions made by directors and managers correspond to shareholders interests. A.2.2 Ownership Issues The biggest shareholder as well as Non-Executive Director, Stelios has been strongly opposed to EasyJets rapid expansion strategy and management strategy. Shareholders are more concern profit maximizing rather than sale revenue maximizing. Stelios claims that the capital cost and profit is no longer balanced and the expenditure for new airlines are from the expense of profit margins. Stelios insists that approximately 190 aircrafts is enough to operation and other excess ones should be sold to conserve cash (Flightglobal, 2010). The fleet growth strategy is not suitable for recession period as there are poor economic returns and market changes. Sometimes non executive director has insufficient influence on the Board. As a result, Stelios tries to persuade other shareholders to reject the growth strategy. However, Stelios failed to gain enough support to exert power on managers. Standard Life, who is the second large shareholder, expressed his satisfaction with management team (London Night Standard, 2010). Shareholders have the right to benefit from the company. According to the case (2010), Stelios argues that the firm is a mature company that the share price do not has the capacity to increase. Thus Stelios claims that shareholders should receive reward from dividend payments instead of the share price of the stocks they hold. Huge capital expenditure should be limited while cash should be conserved. Stelios quitted the Board to against growth strategy. There generates another disputation about the brand license. The Easy brand belongs to Stelios Easy Group and was licensed to EasyJet. However, he now is concerns to reclaim the brand and license to another airline (Daily Mail, 2010). A.2.3 Control by Managers EasyJet is controlled by managers. Although shareholders own the company, they left the operation and governance power to the Boards and management. There are two kinds of executive in the board: non-executive director who purely give advice and executive director who really exert power to make decision. The decision made by executive director and managers should be based on the interests of stakeholders to a certain degree. Thus, managers can be viewed as the agents of shareholders (Stocks, 2010, p. 477). On the other hand, managers have their responsibilities be loyal to the company while exercise judgment to operate the company. Managers should be informed the business environment to make decision that benefits the company. Rewards such as bonus are the motivations of managers. However, it may also be the stimulation of risky policy making (Bevans, 2007, p. 220). It is known that appropriate corporate governance is the guidance to achieve success operation of the company. It requires greater administration managers. However, it is difficult to balance different interests between shareholders and managers, thus lead to several problems (Rees Sheikh, 1995, p.145). A.2.4 Control Issues With the aim of growth, EasyJet sets the goal to maintain a growth of 7.5% and increase its European market share from about 7% to 10%. EasyJet believes that its growth plan on fleet size could contribute to occupy larger short-haul European market (Flightglobal, 2010). EasyJet indicates that they earned a profit of  £ 4 million and performed well in the recession period, the expansion plan is under control instead of taking huge risky (London Evening Standard, 2010). Andy Harrisons chief executive position was taken place by McCall due to the disagreement with Sir Stelios (New Statesman, 2010). Although there is a 5% drop of share price due to the long battle between shareholders and managers, EasyJet claims that overall there was a 34% rise of the share price in 10 years which shown a remarkable potential among European airline carriers as well as a sufficient reward to shareholders (Independent, 2010). A.3 Market Structure A.3.1 Market Structure of British Airline Industry According to Moschandreas (2000, p.10), market structure is the characteristics of the market that could have impact on the mode of competition. Those characteristics include product diversification, barriers of entry the market, number of suppliers and the level of price control. The market structure of British airline industry is oligopoly. Oligopoly is an imperfect market with standardized or differentiated products and a high degree of interdependence which dominated by a few companies (Chauhan, 2009, p.65). A.3.1.1 The Characteristics of Oligopoly Few Sellers: The market is dominated by few companies. Figure 1 shows the market share in the UK main airport London Heathrow. British Airways, BMI and Virgin Atlantic have relative higher market shares than others. Figure 1. Top Airlines market share at London Heathrow. AnnaAero. (2008). [One line] Available from: http://www.anna.aero/2008/12/05/flybe-heading-for-no-1-in-uk-domestic-market/ [Accessed 05th December 2008] Product diversification Many companies in oligopoly market established brands and offer various products (Jain Khanna, 2009, p.115). For example, British Airways with the slogan The worlds Best Airline serves more than 300 destinations by 238 aircrafts (British Airways, 2009); BMI with the slogan Better for Business serves various destinations by 43 aircrafts (BMI, 2010). Entry Barriers There are several barriers that protect incumbents from new firms. First, due to diversification of the products, established companies could consolidate market by branding and promotion. As a result, new firms have to spend more money on advertising and branding to conquer customer loyalty to incumbent companies and attract passengers. Second, financial requirements or vital resource also restrict new entrants, such as difficulty in accessing available landing airports and huge cost of purchasing aircraft (Tucker, 2008, p.178) A.3.1.2 Common Strategies of Oligopoly There are several price strategies or non-price strategies which could be used in oligopoly market. A.3.1.2.1 Price Strategy (Stokes, 2010, p.148) Prestige pricing. If one firm increases the price of the product, it may still attractive to customers. This may because of the promotion of quality and service or conspicuous consumption behavior. Price discrimination. Charging different price in different market could help to increase revenue. There are three degree of price discrimination (Dwivedi, 2008, p.328): First degree discrimination exits when sellers charge the highest price of the product that customer willing to buy. For example, BA offer free drinks and snacks, they could charge a higher price compare to EasyJet, who do not offer free airline catering. Second degree price discrimination exits when sellers charge different prices for the different quantities of purchase or different category of consumers (p.328). Such as first-class and economy class charge differently in airline industry as economy class is frequent required by passengers. Third degree price discrimination occurs when different price are charged refer to different submarket. For example, airline companies may offer discounts according to the time that customers book ticket in advance. Limit pricing. Limit pricing occurs when firms pricing products lower but still can get profit. Such strategy could help to deter competitors or new entrants. Price elasticity of demand. When demand is inelastic, increase price could result in revenue increase. On the other hand, when demand is elastic, decrease price could also result in revenue increase. A.3.1.2.2 Non-Price Strategy Non-Price Strategies in oligopolistic markets could help to increase demand and develop loyalty among consumers (Riley, 2005, p.83) Expanding into new markets Develop new markets could help to enlarge network and strengthen market power as well as increase sales. For example, recently EasyJet has lunched new route from Edinburgh to Dortmund, which is expected to carry more than 55000 passengers during the first year (EasyJet, 2010). Diversification of the product A company could be benefit from the diversity of its product against rivals. The more distinct products they sale, the smaller their rivals could occupy the market (Mukherjee, p.460). For example, EasyJet offer 422 flight routes among 27 countries and 114 airports (EasyJet, 2009). Advertising and Branding Advertising and Branding are essential especially for the new entrant. Advertising could establish brand images to customers. For example, EasyJet use orange as its main colors and permitted ITV operating a reality show named Airline that present EasyJet plane in the air to increasing its popularity (Fastcompany, 2002). EasyJet used to advertise its low price flight and claims that people could fly to Scotland for the price of a pair of jeans (Fastcompany, 2002) A.3.2 Low Cost Carriers Strategy of EasyJet EasyJet adopts a low-cost model to attract passengers and seize larger market share (Dunmore Gleave, 2003) Offer cheap fares: EasyJet sale tickets through internet or phone in order to avoid commissions. By the end of 2005, 98% of tickets were sold online (EasyJet, 2005). Customers could book in advance for cheap seats and transform flight for different time schedule without extra charge. Do not offer airline catering. Uniform airplane types: Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. Have higher aircraft utilisation: EasyJet aircrafts operate 11 hours a day which more than 3 hours than BA. Use high seating density airplane and increase load factors to reduce cost base: By the end of June 2010, the load factor has increased to 87.2%, thus reduces per seat costs by 16% compared to BMI (EasyJet, 2010) Use smaller airports to reduce charges: Such as London Luton and Liverpool A.3.3 Low Cost Strategy in Oligopoly Market In the UK oligopolistic market, as oligopolists are interdependent among others, firms are sensitive to competitors actions. A rational company may try to speculate reactions of competitors using game theory before they adopt various strategies such as price changes. However, even one company reduce its price, it is unlikely lead to a price war or significant profit changes. According to the theory, when companies change prices, their competitors will adjust strategies such as advertising to avoid loss (Stokes, 2010, p.152-156). As a result, low cost strategy which aims to enlarge market by reducing price is not typical in oligopoly market. However, due to the conception of price elasticity of demand, reduce price may lead to the increase of demand. Lower price strategy combined with higher frequencies could attract more business passengers who account for a remarkable proportion of passengers for EasyJet. Although such strategy could make overall cost considerably lower, it still enjoys an average growth of 4.4% while 10.5% in some major routs when fist became a low cost carrier. Apparently the successful low cost airlines are more profitable than established carriers, thus easy to survive in the market (EasyJet, 2009). In the first part, this report has discussed the features of growth strategy and low cost strategy adopted by EasyJet. The next part of the report will examine these features by analysing the financial accounts of EasyJet. Part B. Finance B.1 Strategies reflect on EasyJets Accounts B.1.1 Growth B.1.1.1 A Growth Company From Figure B1, it can be seen that sales revenue has shown a consistently upward trend and nearly doubled from  £1341.4 million to  £2666.8 million during the 5 years. Hence, according to product life cycle, EasyJet still being in the period of introduce to the market instead of maturity. Figure B1* Figure B2 shows a significant increase in trade creditors and debtors. However, it can be seen in Figure B2 that EasyJet could pay suppliers more slowly while receive debtor quicker than before. As a result, working capital as well as financial environment may probably get better, which could benefit for its growth strategies. It can be seen from Figure B3 that the market value per share has increased from 2005 to 2007 before it reduce sharply in 2008. However, it has recovering in 2009 after the recession period. The overall trend shows a growth in shareholders wealth as well as the company itself. P: E ratio is the indicator of investors wishes for long term profit. It reduced from 2005 to 2007 followed by an increase since 2008. The upward trend could reveal a huge potential growth in the future. B 1.1.2 Growth Strategies Increase promotional expenditure Figure B5 illustrates a growth of current assets and current liabilities. Current ratio of EasyJet reflects that the growth rate of current assets is slowly than current liabilities, which could reflect EasyJets fast growth of borrowings for increase promotional expenditure, as current ratio shows a downward trend. Nevertheless, the ratio is fluctuating above 1, which means that current assets always more than current liabilities and EasyJet has the ability to pay future bills. However, the more the ratio near 1, the less cash or cash assets could be contributed to short term debt. A large amount of cash of EasyJet is used to pay for aircraft order for future long term profit. Interest cover ratio could reveal whether EasyJet pay interest borrowings by generating enough profits. However, from Figure B5, EasyJet experienced a dramatic decline on interest cover ratio and lower than 1.5 in 2009. Due to the sacrifice on short term profit and large amount of borrowing for airline purchase, EasyJet may burdened by interest of debt. Gearing ratio could be used to describe the proportion of long term liabilities in capital employed. The higher a gearing ratio is, the more debt a company loaned and the more risk a company may take. From Figure B6 one could know that overall the gearing ratio has increased with a peak in 2007. Due to the huge cost of aircrafts, EasyJet is now in serious financial problem. Decrease in short term profit Gross profit and net profit margin ratio is helpful to know the percentage of profit generated from total revenue. Profit margin of EasyJet has shown an upward trend until 2007, both gross profit and net profit margin ratio decreased about 10% by the end of 2009. Such reduction indicates a increase in cost of sales and may not be satisfied by shareholders. However, despite of the rising in tax rate, this trend could reflect EasyJets strategies to explore new market, increase net work as well as route length which lead to a rise of fuel costs, airport charging and advertising costs. Capital employed includes shareholders funds and long term liabilities. Figure B8 indicates that EasyJets capital is rising, which indicates an expansion of EasyJets size. Although the investment of EasyJet has been increasing, profit has been used for further expansion. Hence, large short term profit may not be generated from capital. The situation is reflected on the reduction on ROCE. It also can be seen from Figure B8, return on equity has shown the same trend as that of profit. They both have increased till 2007 and then decreased sharply. Although the reduction of return on equity may due to the tax policy released in 2009 and increasing costs, which lead to a reduction on earnings after tax, it also partly result in the expansion of shareholders funds (EasyJet, 2009). However, overall it shows a lack of ability to return profit for owners investment. Figure B9 shows that after 2005, assets turnover decreased and has been fluctuating around 1, which reflects a poor utilization of assets and less profit return on assets. However, this primarily because of the large bulk of airplane purchase plan during the next few years. As a result, the long term benefits may not be reflected in more than one year. B.1.2 Low Cost strategy Figure B10 shows increase both in sales revenue and number of employee, which indicates the expansion of companys size and growth of finance performance. This may probably base on the low cost strategy. According to low cost strategy, EasyJet offer more frequencies on flight and larger capacities than other companies, thus lead to an increase in passenger flown as well as efficiency in airplane utilities. Aiming to enlarge its market, EasyJet has lunched more airports and increase its route length to various European destinations which result in a raise in cost, especially fuel cost. As a result, it can be seen from Figure B11 that a sharp rise of cost per passenger has increased since 2007. B.2 Compare EasyJet with Jet2 and Ryanair In order to discuss investment risky of EasyJet, this part of the report will compare EasyJet with Jet2 and Ryanair, both of which also adopt low cost strategy as EasyJet. B.2.1 Differences and Similarities in Balance Sheets Apparently from Appendix 1, Appendix 2 ad Appendix 3, EasyJet shows a significant higher increase rate of total assets, liabilities and capital employed, which indicate a rapid expansion of companys size. Ryanair also shows a slightly development of the company. By contrast, although Jet2 experienced an increase in total assets, the total liabilities has reduced, mainly due to the decline of non-current assets. Although the current assets of Jet2 raised sharply from 2008 to 2009, according to Figure 15, unlike Ryanair and EasyJet, the current assets of Jet2 is much lower than current liabilities. Thus Jet2 may not have the ability to pay bills or have enough cash to develop business. By comparing the proportion of total liabilities and shareholders fund in total assets, it can be seen that all three companies liabilities is higher than shareholders funds. Thus, EasyJet, Jet2 and Ryanair are mainly financed by debt. As Ryanair has the largest number of assets while Jet2 has the lowest, one may presume that Ryanair has the largest size of company while Jet2 has the relatively smallest. While the major liabilities of both EasyJet and Ryanair is long term borrowings, Jet2 takes trade payable as major total liabilities and deferred tax as major non-current liabilities. This situation may probably indicate that the working capital of Jet2 could be influenced negatively due to a poor ability of paying debt. B.2.2 Investment B.2.2.1 Comparison among EasyJet, Jet2 and Ryanair By comparing current ratio in Figure 12, it can be see that Jet2 current liabilities is more than current assets, thus Jet2 may have difficulty to pay bills immediately. On the other hand, Ryanairs current ratio has increased to 1.84 in 2009, as current assets in much higher than current liabilities. The figure may indicate a poor utilization of resource. Compared to Jet2 and Ryanair, EasyJet has a better management on assets and liabilities. It can be seen that EasyJet has the highest rate of gearing ratio, as the operation of company is largely depend on borrowings. Meanwhile, according to Figure 12, EasyJet has the relative lower interest cover ratio, which indicates that EasyJet may have more difficulty to pay interest expense than other company. As a result, an investment in EasyJet is more risky than invest in Ryanair and Jet2. Earning per share has been widely used as measurement for the growth of a firm as well as the indicator of the amount of profit could return to each share. Although the EPS of Jet2 rose remarkably, the PE ratio also declined dramatically. On the other hand, it can be seen that the PE ratio of EasyJet as well as Ryanair has increased sharply. It indicates potential capabilities of future growth of the two companies which could give confidence to investors. From Figure B16, it can be seen that Jet2 has the longest time to pay creditors, thus has a longer time to utilities liabilities. However, it also needs the longest time to collect receivables. On the other hand, although Ryanair has to pay creditors quicker compared to the time in 2008, the period is still longer than EasyJet. Moreover, Ryanair could receive debt much quicker than EasyJet. Thus Ryanair may have the best efficiency cash flows which could contribute to company operating. Obviously from Figure B13, Ryanair has much higher figure of return on capital employed, which means that Ryanair could profitably operation the company by using investment. As a result, investor could receive more interests in the short run from Ryanair rather than EasyJet, which has the lowest ROCE ratio among others. B.2.2.2 Brief Evaluation Based on the ratio discussed above, it can be seen that overall Ryanair is the best choice for investors compared to EasyJet and Jet2 despite its lower efficiency on the utilization of assets. It has the highest PE ratio and return on capital employed rate. Moreover, the working capital of cash flows is also considered as the best one among others. Investment on Ryanair could have less risky than EasyJet. Jet2 relatively has a poor condition of capital. It seems that Jet2 may easier fall into the dilemma of debt difficulty. Although EasyJet has a large amount of borrowings, and the lowest return on capital, a more flexible cash flow as well as a proper utilization of capital could be compensations. In addition, higher PE ratio implies a potential power of growth. Thus, investment on EasyJet could have less risky than Jet2 and may probably get better profit in the future. Conclusion To sum up, EasyJet as a growth company has adopt several strategies to compete in oligopoly market. EasyJet utilise low cost strategy to increase it efficiency in business operation will use growth strategy to seize larger market share and expand the size of the company. However, scarification of short term profit may leads to unsatisfactions of shareholders. Moreover, by looking at the accounts of EasyJet, it can be seen that its growth plan of aircraft purchasing lead to a heavy burden on debt. EasyJet has potential risky due to the large proportion of liabilities. In recommendation, EasyJet could reduce its growth plan while pay dividend to shareholder in order to alleviate the conflicts. As a result, the reputation of EasyJet could be maintained and attract more funds invest in the capital. Hence, EasyJet may not need to largely depend on liabilities and the risk of investment could reduce. References AnnaAero. (2008). Flybe Heading for #1 in UK Domestic Market; Overall Demand Down Around 4% in 2008. [One line] Available from: http://www.anna.aero/2008/12/05/flybe-heading-for-no-1-in-uk-domestic-market/ [Accessed 05th December 2008] Bevans, N. R. (2007). Business Organizations and Corporate Law. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning. Chauhan, S. P. S. (2009). Microeconomics: Theory and Applications. New Delhi: Learning Private Limited. 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